What often causes venous distention?

Venous distention, particularly of the jugular veins, is often seen in conditions that lead to increased central venous pressure. When the heart's ability to pump blood is compromised, such as in congestive heart failure (CHF), blood can back up in the venous system. This engorgement of the jugular veins is a classic clinical sign of fluid overload or heart failure. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially during exacerbations, the elevated pressures can similarly cause jugular venous distention.

While liver failure and fluid imbalances can also lead to manifestations of venous pressure changes, they do not directly contribute to the specific physical sign of engorged jugular veins as prominently as CHF and COPD do. Furthermore, pneumonia primarily affects the lungs and is less associated with increased venous pressure or distention. Thus, the most accurate cause of venous distention, particularly regarding the notable engorgement of jugular veins, is indeed related to CHF and COPD.